Unit 2

Period 1  word

1.       Unwilling (n)---willing (反义词)

2.       Educate (v)---education (n)---educational (a)---educator(n)

3.       Convenience (n)---convenient(a)

4.       Rough (a)---roughly(adv)

5.       Attract (v)---attraction(n)---attractive(a)

6.       History (n)---historical(a)

7.       Architecture(n)---architect(n 人)---architectural (a)

8.       Collection(n)---collect(v)

9.       Administration(n)管理，行政部门---administer(v)管理，统治，---administrative(a)管理的，行政的---administrator(n)管理者

10.   Enjoy(v)---enjoyable(a)

11.   Furnishings(pl)家具，室内陈设---furniture(un)家具总称---furnished(a)带家具的，配备好装备的。

12.   Possibility(n)---possible(a)---impossible(反义词)

13.   Fold---unfold

14.   Delight(n/v)---delighted(a)

15.   Consistent(a)---inconsistent(反义词)

16.   Longitude经度，经线---latitude纬度，纬线

17.   Communism共产主义---communist共产主义者

18.   sightseeing 观光---sight 视力---sightless（形）无视力的

Period 3 useful phases

1.       Consist of 由…组成=be made up of

2.       Be divided into被分成…

3.       Be linked to 被联系

4.       Refer to 提到，说到

5.       Find/get/have +O+done

6.       Be unwilling to do 不愿意做某事

7.       Break away from脱离

8.       To their credit值的赞扬的是

9.       As well as 也，如同

10.   For convenience为了方便起见

11.   It’s a pity…真可惜

12.   Keep your eyes open睁开你的双眼

13.   Leave out 删减，遗漏

14.   A furnished house 有家具的房子，设备齐全的房子

15.   The possibility of doing 做某事的可能性

16.   Be alike 相似

17.   Take the place of 代替

18.   Break down （机器）破损，（精神）崩溃

19.   Be worried about担心

20.   Be delighted with 因…而高兴

21.   Make a list of 列…清单

22.   To one’s great surprise 使…惊奇的是

23.   On special occasions在一个特殊的机会里

24.   In memory of 为了纪念…

 Period 3  warming up and reading .

1.       consist of =be made up of 由…组成， 不用于进行时态。

Eg: This club consists of more than 200 members. Our class consists of 46 students.

Consist in 存在与某事物之中The beauty os Venice consists in the style of its ancient buildings.  What does happiness consist in? 

consist with= to agree with 与…一致， the report consists with facts. Theory should consist with practice . 

2.       it takes sb st to do sth

3.       divide 分开，分割（把一个整体分成若干部分）， divide… into 把…分成 Students in the class were divided into four groups before they started the game . How can you divide this line into 20 equal parts?

 Separate 是指把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离开来。 The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.  A fence separate the cows from the pigs.  

Exercises: fill in the blanks , 

the apple was ___into two . 

We ___the money equally. 

Oxygen can be ___from water. 

The two children ___at the end of the road. 

A fence ___the cows from the pigs. 

The keys: divided, divided , separated, separated , separated.

4.       clarify vt/vi , 澄清，阐明/清楚，could you clarify the question? His mind suddenly clarified .

5.       be lined to =be connected to /be joined to 与…有关，与…连接在一起。He found two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak . 

That solitary old man was suspected to be linked to the crime.

6.       refer to 提到，说到，指的是，，，when I said someone was stupid , I wasn’t referring to you .  This incident in his childhood is never again referred to .

与…有关，关系到，涉及，what I have to say refers to all of you ,

查询，查阅If you don’t understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries .   Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.

7.       find sb do /doing 发现某人做/正在做某事，

find sth /sb done(被动)   

They found themselves trapped by the bush fire. 

When she woke up, she found herself lying in a hospital.

8.       get sth done: to have sth done. 使某事被做。

I will just get these dishes washed and then I will come .    

Do you think you will get the work finished on time?

He got his wrist broken. 

I couldn’t get the car started this morning .

Go and get your hair cut .

9.       be unwilling to do .   eg: Tony was unwilling to pay the rent .

10.   break away（from）逃脱，挣脱。

The prisoner broke away from his guards. 

The American southern states wanted to break away from the Union. 

拓展：

break down破坏，（机器）出故障，（精神，身体） 垮掉

break into 闯入，突然进入，打断，插话，

break out(战争，瘟疫，火灾)爆发，突然发生，

break off 中断break the ice 打破冷场break the rules ,

break the records.

11.   credit 既是可数名词又是不可数名词，意思是 称赞  There was little credit given to those who had worked the hardest . 

赊购制度this shop gives three months’ interest-free credit. 这家商店允许三个月的无息赊欠购物， No credit is given to this restaurant 本店概不赊账。

学分He earned enough credits for his degrees.

动词， 表示相信，把。。。归功于，Do you credit what that politician said? 你相信那个政客说的话吗？

To one’s credit 值得赞扬，为某人增光，eg:It is greatly to his credit that Arthur gave back the money he found.

12.   relation(n) relate(v) relate A to B 使A 和 B联系起来 。

In the future , pay increases will be related to productivity(业绩)，

If you relate the result to the cause, you will find things are not simple .

13.   convenience (n) 方便，便利，We bought this house for its convenience.  When and where will it suit your convenience for our next meeting. 

For convenience 为了方便起见，I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience. 

At one’s convenience 在方便的时候， please come at your convenience . 

convenient（ 形） 方便的，省事的，合适的。 

I can’t see him now, it’s not convenient,  

Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow? 

Our house is convenient for the shops.

14.   It is a pity that …真遗憾。。

It is a pity that the weather isn’t better for our outing today. 

It’s a pity that you can’t come to the theatre with us tonight. 

15.   attract. (vt) 吸引，引起，引诱，激发 A magnet attracts steel.  

Attract sb.’s attention/interest, She was attracted by the novel advertisement .  

attraction(n) 不可数， 吸引，吸引力。可数，有吸引力的事物，A big city offers many and varied attractions. 

Attractive(a) 吸引人的，有魅力的， Your proposal sounds very attractive , 

attractively 吸引人的，诱人地，Several beautiful old vases were attractively arranged in the room 房间里诱人摆放着几个的漂亮的古花瓶

16.   keep one’s eyes open (a), keep sb doing sth , keep doing sth ,

17.   enjoyable(a) 使人愉快的， 令人快乐的。

The film was quite enjoyable .

18.   worth ,worthy , worthwhile 的区别

worth 做形容词，只能用做表语不能做定语，表示有…价值，其后接动词ing 表示值得做。。。，不能接to do ,  This book is well worth reading , 

worthy是形容词，既可做定语也可做表语，意是值得尊敬或赏识的，做表语时是值得的，其后常接of sth ,也可接to do ,  The article is worthy of being studied carefully ,

worthwhile 指花时间做某事是值得的，常用的结构是it is worthwhile doing/to do sth ,     It is not worthwhile going there .  it is worthwhile discussing/to discuss the question again .

19.   construct.  Construction (n) ---under construction .正在修建中， The new railway is still under construction . 

20.   influence .(v) 影响，he was influenced by his father later on .

(n) 影响 have influence on sb/sth 对某人/某事有影响，It is clear that television has a strong influence to people . influence结果有好有坏，但是affect 影响的结果通常是坏的。

21.   leave out 省去，遗漏 you have left out the most important word in the sentence .

不理会，不考虑no one speak to him , he is always left out ,

部分前缀，否定前缀，in- consistent  inconsistent , im- dis- un- friendly    unfriendly , mis- understand   misunderstand , under-不足，在…下面 。underground , underage . underclothes(内衣) undercoat （底层，内涂层）。over- 过overweight , overwork overslept . re-重，再，复，retell , redo , review , reopen ,

22．With 的用法，介词，

意为有，带有，I have a cat with a long tail.

和…在一起，I uaually play games with my daughter .

用，以，用于We write with a pen .

with+复合宾语，即：with+宾语+介词宾语，The teacher came into the classroom ,with a book in his hand ,

with +宾语+形/副，only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise. 

with +宾语+非谓语动词。With spring coming on, many young trees turn green ,

随着，与…同时。  表原因

Period4.  Do some exercises:

1.       As we joined the big crowd, I got__from my friends,  A separated, B spared. C lost , D missed .

2.       It was foolish of him to ___his notes during that important test , and as a result , he got punished ,  A  stick to ,  B  refer to , C keep to , D point to ,

3.       Come and see me whenever___.  A  you are convenient, B you will be convenient. C it is convenient to you , D it will be convenient to you ,

4.       John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ___, A open , B to be opened , C to open , D opening ,

5.       The sentence isn’t correct because you___ the verb out ,  A lost , B left , C reduce. D forgot ,

6.       The opening province which__ thirteen countries and three coastal cities will quicken its paces of economic development.  A consists of . B makes up . C is included. D is contained .

7.       Over-heating development might have bad__on the national economy,   A cause.  B influence . C result . D factor .

8.       A cook will be immediately fired if he is found __in the kitchen, A smoke , B smoking , C to smoke , D smoked ,

9.       The computer system __suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet , A break down , B break out . C break away , D break in .

10.   Who will __the manager of the largest company in our city?  A in place of , B take place . C take the place of . D take place of .

The keys: ABCAB, ABBAC

用适当的介词填空，

1.       The beauty of Venice consists___the style of its ancient building ,  This club consists___ one hundred members.  This statement doesn’t consist__what you said yesterday. 

2.       Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation ot have __one-year-old twins at her head,  A isolated,  B separated, C divided , D removed. 

3.       The professor made an attempt to __the misunderstanding about the origin of the language ,  A clarify , B check . C claim . D clap .

4.       This is a very interesting book , I will buys it , ___ . A how much may it cost . B no matter how it may cost . C however much it may cost . D how may it cost .

5.       News reports say peace talks between the two countries__with no agreement reached,  A have broken down ,  B have broken out , C have broken in ,  D have broken up .

6.       If you __the result __the cause , you will find things are not simple.  A relate, to . B relate, with . C relate , from.  D relate , between.

7.       --How on earth od his remarks___what wu are discussing now? --closely. A refer to . B set to .C turn to . D relate to .

8.       Come and see me whenever___. A you are convenient . B you will be convenient , C it is convenient to you , D it will be convenient to you ,

9.       If it is quite__to you , I will visit you next Tuesday ,  A convenient , B fair , C easy .  D  comfortable ,

10.   When the little girl was about to go out , something ___her attraction . A caught , B drew. C attracted . D all of the above ,

11.   The new railway is still under___. A constitution . B consumption . C continent . D construction .

12.   用affect , effect . influence 填空，under the ___of my friends, I bought a red coat too.  What we read__our thinking ,  Did the medicine have any __on you ?  He used his __to get his friend a job.

13.   I am sorry to have kept you __(wait) for such a long time .

14.   He wants you to keep him __(inform) of how things are going with you ,

15.   Keep the door ___(open) please.

16.   This idea is well worth __. It is quite useful for our new project .  A consider . B to consider , C considered . D considering ,

17.   It is worth doing it , (该错)

The keys: 1—5 in,of,with, BACA.  6—10 ADCAD. 11 D influence , influenced, effect ,influence. Waiting informed , open , D 去掉第二it ,

Period  5 .learn about language

1.       Administion (n) 管理，统治，administer  (v). 管理，统治 He admininsters the company’s accounts.  Administrative(a) 管理的，行政的， His responsibilities are mainly administrative, administrator (n)（国家或公司）管理者，行政官员，

2.       Furnished(a) furnishings (cn) 家具，室内陈设，all the furnishings are new in her house , furniture,(uc) 家具，The house was full of heavy old-fashioned furniture. Garden furniture, 庭院家具

3.       可数名词 institution ,They will have very different institutions.  Conflict , Didderent ideas cause many conflicts and quarrels.  Convenience .  this furnished house has all modern conveniences.

4.       Develop 冲洗，使（胶卷）显影，I must get my holiday photos developed,  come out (照片)冲洗， I took a lot of photos on holiday but only a few came out ,

5.       be alike 相似，相同，

6.       take the place of 代替，I will take the place of Jane today, as she can’t come to the meeting herself.  take place (发生)

7.       break down(机器)破损，（精神）崩溃my car broke down .

Period 6 Grammar

过去分词做宾语补足语。

1.       英语中有一些动词，除了要求有宾语外，还要有宾语补足语，句子才完整，过去分词做宾补与宾语之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系（被动）

A:使役动词have ,get ,make, leave, keep 等，

Œshe had her washing machine repaired yesterday .

Have you got your films developed?

Ž When you speak English, be sure to  make yourself understood .  

B: 感官动词see, hear notice ,observe ,watch , feel , find , 等，

ŒI saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 

I often heard the song sung in English when I was abroad, 

ŽHe felt his face lost before his friends,

C:表示意愿，要求，命令等的动词如like, want, wish ,expect, order , 

ŒThe boss wouldn’t like the problem discussed at the moment ,

The police, finding the film unhealthy ,ordered it banned , (禁演)，

D:另外，介词with without 后和可以用过去分词做宾语补足语。

ŒWith the matter settled, we all went home . 由于事情得到了解决，我们都回家了，

He stood for an instant with his hand still raised , 他仍然举着手站了一会儿，

ŽThey left without a plate touched ,

2.       这种结构的变形，有时结构中的动词本身用被动语态，宾语提前成为主语，宾补就成了形式上的主补，但之间所表达的含义仍为被动，

ŒHe was found injured at the foot of a cliff,他被发现在悬崖脚下受了伤，

They are considered underpaid 大家认为他们工资太低，

过去分词，现在分词和动词不定式做宾语补足语的区别。

1.       过去分词做宾补与宾语之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系（被动）

ŒWe can hear the windows beaten by the rain drops. 

When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.

2.       现在分词做宾补与宾语之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系，表示进行或行为延续。

ŒHe caught the boys stealing his apples.  èThe boys were stealing his apples.

I woke up and heard the wind blowing . è The wind is blowing ,

Žshe kept me waiting for over twenty minutes. è I am waiting .

3.       动词不定式做宾补常用在一些动词后，其主动式to do 与宾语之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系，被动式to be done与宾语之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系，常表示在谓语动词之后要发生。

ŒI invited all our friends to attend the ceremony. 

He urged me to write a play about Ireland .

­有些动词本身用做被动结构，宾语提前成为句子主语，动词不定式做补语保持不变，

ŒThe boss expects them to work late if necessary,è They are expected to work late if necessary. 

Being on a diet, Mom didn’t allow him to eat meat . èBeing on a diet , he wasn’t allowed to eat meat .

4.       常用结构，

1.       A:感官动词+O+doing ，宾语主动地正在做。。。，

eg:I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room yesterday.

B:感官动词+O+do 宾语主动做过。。。

I heard her sing an English song just now.

­注意：不及物动词的过去分词做宾补表示往完成和状态，

I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone (表状态)，我低头看时发现项链不见了。

I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much (表完成) 我惊奇的发现我的家乡变了好多，

C:感官动词+O+done , 宾语被。。。

ŒI saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.

I often heard the song sung in English when I was aborad, 

ŽHe felt his face lost before his friends,

2.       A:Leave+O+doing 让某人/某事一直。。。。eg:It is wrong of you to leave the machine running ,

B:Leave+O+（un）done留下/剩下某事（未）做被。。。（宾补常以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多），The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.

C:Leave+O+to do/to be done 留下某人/某事要。。。（将要发生）

ŒHe left, leaving me to do all the rest of the work,

We hurriedly ended our meeting , leaving many problems to be settled.

3.       A:使役动词have +O+do 让。。。做某事，

They have Tom do volunteer work in a remote village , 他们让汤姆在偏远的村子做志愿工作

B:使役动词have +O+doing 使。。。持续做某事，

ŒThe peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time ,

I won’t have you speaking of your parents like that .

C: have +O+done使。。。被别人做，使。。。遭受。。。,

I will have my bike repaired tomorrow.

4.       A:使役动词get +O+to do=have +O+do让。。。做某事.

Mother got me to buy some vinegar,

B:使役动词get+O+doing=have +O+doing持续做某事The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 稍作休息后，上尉便让士兵动身上前线，C:get+O+done=have +O+done , 使。。。被别人做，使。。。遭受。。。,I will get /have my bike repaired tomorrow.

5.       With+O+doing 表示伴随或方式（与介词宾语形成逻辑上的主谓关系） with time flying , I am getting more confident , With+O+done表示伴随或方式（与介词宾语形成逻辑上的动宾关系）He left hurriedly ,with the door unlocked ,

Do some exercises:

1.       You should understand the traffic rule by now, you have had it __often enough,  A explaining , B to explain, C explain .D explained.

2.       In the dream Peter saw himself___by a firce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.  A chased , B to be chased , C be chased , D having been chased ,

3.       A good story does not necessarily have ot have a happy ending , but the reader must not ve left___. A unsatisfied , B unsatisfying , C to be unsatisfying ,  D being unsatisfied, 

4.       I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise___.  A going on , B  goes on,  C went on. D to go on .

5.       When I got off the crowded bus, I found my pocket___and the disk in it with the important documents gone,  A picked, B stolen , C missing , D lost .

6.       Television has so many advantages, It keeps us___about the ___new, and also provides entertainment in the home ,  A informed ,latest . B to know , later,  C learning , later , D to think, latest .

7.       John rushed out in a hurry, ___the door___. A leaving ,unlocked, B  leaving , unlocking ,  C left ,unlocked ,  D to leave , unlocking ,

8.       I have had my bike ___, and I am going ot have somebody__my radio tomorrow,  A  repair, to repair, B repairing , to be repaired,  C repaired, repair,  D to repair, repairing ,

9.       ___the room , the nurse found the tape recorder___,  A entering ,stealing , B  entering , gone , C to have entered , being stolen,  D having entered, to be stolen, 

10.   We are pleased to see the problem__so quickly.  A settled , B settling , C be settled,  D having been settled,

11.   I have often heard the ABCdong___, but I have never heard Alice__it,  A to be sung , to sing , B being sung , sang , C sung ,sing , D sang ,singing ,

12.   With trees. Flowers and grass___everywhere, my native town had taken on a new look,  A planting , B planted , C to plant , D to be plant ,

13.   Is this the recorder you want__? A to have repaired,  B to repair it ,  C to have it repaired,  D it repaired,

14.   She was glad to see her child__well care of ,  A  take , B to be taken ,  C  taken ,  D taking ,

15.   He found them __at a table__chess,   A sat ,to play, B sitting , to play, C seated, playing , D seat , play the ,

16.   I can make you __what I say, but you can’t make yourself __in English.  A understand ,understand ,  B understand ,understood ,  C to understand , understand ,  D understand , to be understood ,

The keys: 1—5 DAAAA.  6—10,AACBA. 11—16,CBACCB

Period 7 using language (reading )

1.       Available (a) (指物)可用的，可得到的，this is the only available room.  Tickets are available at the box office . (指人) 可会见的，可与之交谈的等，The laweyr is not available now .

2.       Make a list of 给…列清单

3.       Delight (n) (U) 快乐，高兴，(C)使人高兴的原因，give delight to sb.  To one’s delight . the delight of living in the coutry.

(vt) 使高兴，使欣喜，I was delighted to be invited to her party.

(vi) 常与in连用，热中与，引以为乐。She delights in cooking lovely meals.

Delightful(a)令人喜悦的，令人快乐的 delighted(a) 非常高兴的，显示愉快的

be/feel delighted at/with/by 因…而高兴

4.       Remain (v) 剩下，剩余，After the fire ,very little remained of my house .    Leave the remaining points for our next meeting .

5.       留待以后去说，去做，去看It remains to be seen whether you are right , much remains to be done .

停留，逗留，留下I remained in London until May, she left ,but I remained ,

仍然是，保持不变，(系动词) Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman. The death of the innkeeper still remains a mystery,

6.       To one’s great surprised

7.       In memory of 作为对…的纪念，纪念…

Period 8    speaking and  writing

语言交际困难，在口语交际中常会遇到听不懂或听不清的情况，这时需要用一些语句来告诉对方自己没懂，以便让对方重复，使得交流继续下去，常用的表达方法有：Excuse me…I am afraid I can’t follow you ,  I beg your pardon? Pardon? I didn’t understand …. Please, can you speak more slowly? What did you mean by…? I am sorry but could you repeat that?

Sample dialogue:

Mary (M)can’t find Workers’ Stadium, so she is asking Miss Wang (W) for help. But they have some problems understanding each other.

M:Excuse me , am I  close to Workers’ Stadium?

W:Yes ,It’s not far from here.

M:I beg your pardon?

W: I said , it is not far from here.

M:Oh, good ,could you point me in the right direction?

W:I am sorry , but could you repeat that?

M:Direction, which direction is it from here?

W:Sorry , I still don’t understand .

M:Where is the stadium?

W:Ah, right , Just carry on down this road to the next junction and turn right , you can’t miss it ,

M:Thanks very much ,

W:You are welcome .

Writing  描写景观。

范文（一）

感受黄山，天下无山，————谈旅游景点介绍

介绍旅游景点属于说明文写作，要求作者要明确观察顺序，要选择典型的景点，然后应用巧妙的说明方法和生动活泼的语言，把一副美丽的图画活灵活现的呈现在读者面前，让人有身临其境的感觉，

提示：黄山位于安徽南部的黄山市，是中国著名风景区之一，不能错过的黄山四绝有奇松，怪石，云海，温泉，享有“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳”的美誉，1990年12月被联合国教科文组织列入《世界文化与自然遗产名录》。黄山阴雨天多，云雾天多，四季皆适合旅游，但是，冬季为最佳旅游季节。

常用表达：be located in/lie in ,坐落于 the four wonders .四绝 strange pines ,奇松 absurd stones ,怪石 sea of clouds 云海, hot springs.温泉 enjoy a good /great reputation,美誉  be listed as ,被列入 the United Nations Educational. Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNECSCO联合国教科文组织 all the year around . 一年四季，

Mount Huangshan

Mount Huangshan is located in Huangshan city. The south of Anhui province. of all the well-known mountains in China, it is probably the most famous.

If you go to visit Mount Huangshan, you shouldn’t miss its four wonders: the strange pines, absurd stones, sea or clouds and hot springs, which won Mount Huangshan many good reputations. It is said that you won’t want to visit other mountains after seeing Wuyue(the collective name given to China’s most important mountains). But you won’t want to visit other mountains after returning from Mount Huangshan, This saying may give you some idea of the beauty and uniqueness of Mount Huangshan, Besides,  it was listed as a World Natural and Cultural Heritage Site in December, 1990 by UNESCO. 联合国教科文组织

It is often rainy and  cloudy there, so it is good for tour all the year around, However, the best time comes to winter .  

范文（二）

九寨沟

九寨沟位于四川成都以北约400公里处，是中国最著名的风景名胜之一，总面积约620平方公里，1978年被列为国家自然保护区，1992年被联合国教科文组织列入《世界自然遗产名录》，因为自然景色兼有湖泊、瀑布、雪山、森林之美，因此享有“世界童话”的美誉。很多电影都在这里拍摄取景，如：《神雕狭侣》、《卧虎藏龙》。

参考词汇：《世界自然遗产名录》World Natural Heritage List

《神雕狭侣》、Dive Eagle, Gallant Knight.

《卧虎藏龙》。Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon.

Jiushaigou,

Jiushaigou located about 400 kilometers north of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, is one of China’s most famous scenic areas, It covers an area of about 620 square kilometers,

In 1978, it was listed as a national nature reserve, and it was included in World Natural Heritage List by UNESCO in 1992, Its unique natural beauties are lakes, waterfalls , snowy mountains and forests, so it enjoys the reputation of “fairy world”.

Bucause of its natural beauty, many well-known films were shot here, such as Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon, Dive Eagle, Gallant Knight,

Undoubtedly, Jiushaigou is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary view will make you unwilling to leave.